重要事項 Import Notes

重要事項 Import Notes
修習國際金融專題學生,
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2015-09-26

國際金融學習記事 卓益越寧

2015/9/21
國金上課筆記:
每堂課結束后要自己複習。
Gretl EViews 主要的統計工具。
維護兩個blogger界面。
申請blogger ID
要學會看paper
盡早去找paper,期末報告錄像,內容仿照所選paper
期初考試15%,平時10%,期中口頭15%112號開始,6分鐘),期末口頭10%1221 8分鐘 不超過3頁),期末報告25%14),期末考25%111)。
國金金融2015.10.5
22K的故事:大學生最低薪資——定錨效果
研究是什麼:research,解決問題的辦法——理論、觀念
1  觀念(理論)——實證
2  實際資料+計量方法
3  實證+國際金融


架構
    金流——ASSETUIPCIP(利率影響)
物流—— LOPPPP                                        
 資訊流

線性規劃——解決問題的方式之一,設定參數。

實證模型empirical models
1、驗證 理論模型theoretical models
2、預測未來的可能

Quantitatively
Significance 顯著水準(統計上顯著不代表決策決定顯著)
信賴區間Confidence interval: 標準差不同代表出現概率不同

Gauss-markov theorem:在誤差零均值,同方差,且互不相關的線性回歸模型中,回歸係數的最佳線性無偏估計(blue)就是最小方差。


OLS: ordinary least square的簡稱,普通最小二乘法。

国际金融2015.10.12
双边汇率:bilateral exchange rate,只跟两个国家有关。
贸易加权的汇率:effective or trade-weighted exchange rate
Spot versus forward rates:即期、远期(超过3天)汇率————一般说的是即期(金流)
Buying versus selling ratesBid(银行买)/ask(银行卖) rate
Micro-structure study —— bid-ask spread(价差)

1  营业成本[机会成本(如持有外币损失的本国货币的利率)]
2  风险
3  流动性

市场机制:供不应求则价涨,供大于求则价跌。
外汇的需求者与供给者:
Exporters  物流
Foreign investors 金流
Speculators 资讯流

Floating rates 浮动汇率下的自由市场——————————美国
Fixed rates 固定汇率——————中国
台湾——————管理浮动Managed Floating


BOP 国际收支账

1.5 2战后的汇率史
布雷顿森立体系:1944-1968 以美元当做标的
2015.10.19
Gauss-Markov theorem: classical assumptions on residuals of OLS(高斯馬可夫定理)
-Purpose: ensuring the randomness of OLS residuals (iid)
-Yt = b+ b2 Xt +b3 Zt + ut
-u: the OLS residuals
Testing classical assumptions on residuals
1. E(ut) = 0 Often ignored when there is an intercept in OLS
2. Cov(ut,ut-j) = 0  for j¹1 No auto-correlation in ut (Ljung-Box Q tests, LM tests)
3. Var(ut) = su for all t--à Homoskedasticity (White test, Ljung-Box Q2 tests)
4. (optional) Normality distribution of residuals-àTest if the residual is normally distributed (Jarque-Bera (JB) test)
Statistical significance testing P-values
  A very simple approach for statistical judgmen
   For any test, you only have to remember the null hypothesis (H0) --->Choose your own a (level of significance, i.e., 5%)
   Decision rule (reject or fail to reject):If p-value (of the test) > a, fail to reject Ho;If p-value (of the test) < a, reject H0
  Keynesian Consumption Function:
C = b1 +  b2 Yd
1.     Implication: Yd ↑è C↑
2.     Before you test if Keynes was correct, you have to do healthy diagnosis for residuals
   Q tests:
  H0: there is no autocorrelation among residuals (ut) up to lag p
  Testing result:
If reject H0 èthere exists autocorrelation among ut and ut-j 
If fail to reject H0 è no autocorrelation among ut and ut-j
White tests:
  H0: there is homeskedasticity among residuals (ut)
  Based on Var(ut) = su for all t
 Testing result:
If reject H0 è heteroskedasticity among ut
If fail to reject H0 è homeskedasticity among ut
  Q2 tests
   H0: there is no ARCH-type heteroskedasticity among residuals (ut) up to lag p
  Testing result:
If reject H0 è there exists (ARCH-type) heteroskedasticity among ut
If fail to reject H0 è homeskedasticity; i.e., no (ARCH-type) heteroskedasticity among ut
BLUE means: better estimates (變異數小,猜中機率高)
l   Best 是指最小的
l   Linear: linear OLS model  (線性變異數模型)
l   Unbiased: E(bi) = bibi are the unknown population parameters 不偏 (估計的係數與母體平均)
l   Estimators: a formula for estimating unknown population parameters (一組公式)
新聞:




2015.10.26
1. Uncovered IP 有风险;Covered IP 无风险。
UIP: in xx dollars xx币计价美元
2. 天真模型(Naïve expectation):St­­e=St-1 t-1差一个t, t-22t
3. EMH(效率市场),平均而言,市场获利为0
4. Level-k ,能思考几步?——————有限理性。
5. Se/S=1+∆Se :
Se/S= Se/S-1+1= Se-s/S +1=1+Δse
(1+r)=(1+r*)(1+Δse)=1+r*+Δse+ r*Δse  (r*Δse 極小,可被忽略)
6. OLS:
St/yt=St-h(1+rt-h)(1+rt-h*)/xt+μt
Yt=b1+b2Xt+μt
H0: b2=1,b1=0
7. At least check:
1. Q检定是否自我相关(变数自己过去跟未来的关联性)
H0:沒有自我相關
2White检定有无异质变数(变数会改变):
H0:無異質變數
3.Q2检定有无异质变数:
H0:無異質變數
8.期中报告6分钟左右,一页纸本大纲,不超过10PPT

9.国金新闻:






11.2期中報告周
報告內容PPT不要太多的文字
PAPER幾張圖或者表,期末就要有幾章
黄金七连阴 非农或点燃新一轮跌势
黄金市场跌势还没完 多头还有430吨等待抛售
山东莱州发现超大型金矿 资源量达470多吨
11.16期中報告周
匯率波動率跟匯率變動率是兩回事兒
Level叫原階,不叫零階!
可以開始找數據了。
避险作用完全被美元盖过 黄金年内或跌破1000
费希尔:美联储尚未决定加息时间 将继续评估
德拉基讲话扼杀欧元反弹 美元回撤引来资金疯抢
11.23
期中報告影片鏈接:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJpG1EO53ns
期末報告綱要word:https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1dt-TuL8IMLOG9zbmVqWUFjQ2c/view?usp=sharing
期末報告綱要PPT:https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1dt-TuL8IMLaUpjTWU5cjcyTmM/view?usp=sharing
期末報告數據:https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1dt-TuL8IMLMWhYTG1NY0hsdWs/view?usp=sharing
1.白噪音 white noise
滿足一些“特定統計定義”的時間序列“隨即變數”。
期望值為0;變異數為固定常數;共變數=0。
如,標準常態分配就是白噪音(一般常態分配不一定是)

2.AR(自我回歸模型)
有點類似等比數列;
發掘時間序列變數現在和過去的關係,以預測未來變數的趨勢值,進而事先做決策。

3.定態stationarity
弱勢定態,平均數常數;方差常數;共變數常數。

4.ACF跟PACF判斷落後期數:H0:無自我相關。

5.Q-test 檢定是否自我相關
SDR冲刺时刻人民币“入篮”概率为80%
瑞信:欧美货币政策分化影响才刚开始
11.30 国金报告:

国金新闻:
非农公布后 市场五大征兆验证联储将于12月行动
人民币震荡攀升 非农美元逻辑恐影响年前行情
人民币纳入SDR在台湾反响强烈
12.07 国金笔记
1. UIP: 1+i=(1+i*)se/s  
1+i=(1+i*)se/s+ risk premium
2.AIC(小于100);HQC(100~600);SBC(大于600)
3.单根检定:b1=1 非定态;b1<1定态;存在过度拒绝的情况。
4.矩阵计算:课本附录
5.ADF存在過度拒絕H0的可能
易宪容:央行不会容忍人民币出现新一轮贬值
XM:英银决议趋于鸽派 短期加息无
美联储威廉姆斯:倾向于较早而不是较迟加息
12.14 老师请假
印尼央行与澳大利亚签署100亿澳元的双边外汇互换协议
外媒:俄罗斯10月减持70亿美元美国公债,为连续第二个月减持

阿根廷解除外汇管制 央行宣布将部分人民币储备兑换成美元

12.21 国金笔记
國金期末報告影片:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6YXqtF8jL8
1.非定態變數之間可能存在假性回歸。
2.如果非定態變數之間存在共整合關係,那麼他們之間可能有一定經濟意義。
3.K階整合變數:某時間序列變數原先是非定態,經過K次差分后變成定態,則該變數則成為K階整合變數。
4.多個非定態變數線性組合后,以其中階次最大變數的階次作為組合后的階次(此時仍未非定態)。
5.共整合,經濟變數之間存在長期的均衡關係——往均衡方向調整的特性,短期時變數間可能存在偏離的現象,但會逐漸縮小。這就是誤差修正機能。
6.整合階次不同是否有共整合?部分共整合后再與另外的非定態變數線性組合成為定態則可以。
7.Engle-Granger的“兩步驟”估計,在第二個單根檢定的統計量是利用第一個共整合回歸步驟所得到的殘差,而不是一次估計所得到的檢定量,因此無法在估計共整合時,加上係數限制之檢定,所以亦無從判斷某一變數是否應該包含在共整合的關係是中。Johansen共整合檢定可以克服此缺失。
8. 用Eviews進行共整合向量係數的檢定(P442-446)
阿塞拜疆取消汇率管制 汇率狂泻47.6%

日本央行纪要助涨日元 加元寻求支撑

美联储加息 阿根廷比索大贬32%

12.28 國金筆記
1.影片晃動嚴重
2.什麼叫短期失衡?變數短期內偏離長期均衡。
3.單根、共整合不叫研究方法
4.匯率波動與GDP的關係?
5.香港貿易形勢主要是轉口貿易,更應該注重淨出口?
6.正負相關是統計的術語,應該修正為正負向變動?

欧元折戟人民币B股大跌 原油逆袭梦碎洪水冲压英镑
货币商品股市同时传出信号全球危机一年后发生

1.4 国金笔记
1.ppt不能太花哨,字不能太多,不介意念稿
2.不要正负相关。
3.下周上机考,笔试在301阶梯教室。上机考主要是非定态序列。
高盛资管:下一个赚钱的机会是澳洲降息
新一轮美元荒有多严重

第一組quizlet:
https://quizlet.com/quizlette1719018/folders/time-series-analysis-in-economics-and-finance

2015-09-24

The Long Run Relationship Between Stock Market Capitalization Rate and Interest Rate: Co-integration Approach

Toraman, C.,  Başarir, Ç. (2014). The Long Run Relationship Between Stock Market Capitalization Rate and InterestRate: Co-integration Approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences143, pp.1070-1073.

Abstract
Two critical factors of economic growth are stock exchange and interest rate. This paper investigates the long run relationship between stock market capitalization rate and interest rates in Turkey over the period 1998-2012. Prior to conducting the analysis in a time series, in order to test the stability of the series, a unit root test was initially applied. It is determined that both stock market capitalization rate and interest rate series are not stationary. Long-run relationship is tested by Johansen Co-integration tests. According to the results of the study, there is long-run relationship between stock market capitalization rate and interest rates.

Keywords
Stock Market Capitalization Rate, Interest rates, Cointegration, VAR.

MOVEMENTS OF JAPANESE ECONOMY IN RELATION TO EXCHANGE RATE AND OIL PRICE VOLATILITY.












    作者:
    shafi, Khuram shafikhuram@yahoo.com
    Liu Hua
    資料來源:
    Science International. 2014, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p2447-2450. 4p.
    文件類型:
    Article
    主題術語:
    *FOREIGN exchange rates
    *PETROLEUM
    *VOLATILITY (Finance)
    *ECONOMIC impact
    *ECONOMIC development
    JAPAN
    SALES & prices
    作者提供的關鍵字:
    Economic growth
    Exchange rate volatility
    Oil prices shocks
    NAICS/產業代碼:
    486110 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil
    424720 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals)
    424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals
    211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction
    412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers
    摘要:
    The impact of exchange rate volatility on economic growth has a large impact and it affect all sectors of the economy. This research study identifies factor (inflation, interest rate, foreign direct investment, government consumption expenditure and balance of trade) affecting exchange rate volatility and the impact of oil prices on economic growth of Japanese economy from year 1971 to 2012. Co integration result indicates that relationship of oil prices shocks and exchange rate volatility on economic growth is significant in the long run and its error correction adjustment mechanism in short run is significant and correctly signed. Secondly, Vector error correction and vector auto regression model shows that factors (imports, exports, inflation, interest rate, government consumption expenditure and foreign direct investment) affecting on exchange rate volatility and it has a significant impact in the long run and short run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
     
    Copyright of Science International is the property of Asianet-Pakistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
    作者所屬機構:
    1School of Management, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, China
    2Professor, School of Management, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, China
    ISSN:
    1013-5316
    入藏號碼:
    103197650
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    研究方法與邏輯 :  單根檢定ADF    tset、落後期、誤差修正、共整合。

    需要的統計數據1.  匯率     2.  通貨膨脹   3. 利率          4.  外國直接投資(FDI)        5. 政府消費支出  6.  進出口

    困難之處
    1.    模型不太了解。
    2.    英文專有名詞有些看不懂,翻譯起來不順。
    3.    要花比較多時間去了解模型
    4.     要盡快熟知單跟的ADF  TEST、誤差修正和共整合,三種檢定。
    5.    更要盡快熟悉Eview的操作。

    期中報告影片 :
    期末報告影片:

    PO 文注意事項 (Notes about your posts required for this course)

    每位同學必需建立與維護 2 個網頁: (updated on 2010.9.19)
    Every registered student MUST post and maintain TWO pages at this site.

    1. 你的期末報告想要仿照的原始 paper 重點摘要頁, 見 [
    範例]
    A summary of the paper you choose to follow in your term-project. (see a suggestive [summary example ]).

    2. 你的學習紀錄頁, 見 [範例]
    A "learning weblog" of your progress during this course (see [example]). This example is demonstrative rather than required to conform to.

    3. 記得每一頁要在頁尾處輸入你的「標籤」, 包含學號後5碼, 名字或暱稱, 和 其它你自訂的關鍵字, 例 ADF、共整合、PPP、等
    When you edit your pages, be sure to write appropriate "Tags" (as many as you wish) (around the bottom of editing screen) for your posted pages to let me identify your required contributions. The tags should at least include your last 5-digit student ID and keywords about the page.

    4. 請同學在你所選的 paper 加上標籤:「已選」
    If you have already decided a paper to follow and post a page for it. Please be sure to attach that page a specific tag named "selected or 已選." It is of course possible that two or more students may choose the same paper to follow as their term-project. BUT only one of them can be authorized to follow the specific paper. The decision will be based on a first-come-first-serve rule. That is, the one who posts the summary page of a paper gets the first priority to follow that paper posted with a tag named"selected" paper .

    5. 在你的 學習紀錄頁加上標籤:學習記事
    Don't forget to stick a tag "weblog" with your "learning weblog" page in addition to your last 5-digit student ID.


    == Posted on 2009.10.05 ==
    請同學在你所選的 paper 加上
    標籤:「已選」
    在你的 學習紀錄頁加上標籤:學習記事